1. Exergy substantiation of non-stationary modes and characteristics of combined heat and cooling supply of energy-efficient buildings based on a heat pump system
The methodological, mathematical, algorithmic, and software aspects for substantiating the structure, parameters, and operating modes of energy-efficient building heat and cooling systems are based on heat pump units. These aspects take into account non-stationary processes and methods of exergy analysis, and have been developed and improved. A new approach to quantify thermodynamic losses, their cost, environmental friendliness, investment costs, and anthropogenic impact without the need to introduce theoretical or ideal processes has been developed and implemented, known as in-depth exergy analysis. Another new approach has been developed and implemented to identify and quantify opportunities to reduce investment cost and anthropogenic impact on the environment in producing system components through mutual influence and increasing their thermodynamic efficiency. Mathematical models of heat and cold supply systems for low-energy buildings based on studied heat pump units, methods, and means of implementing these models, taking into account the proposed criteria for energy assessment have been developed and implemented using modern information technologies such as cloud calculations and digital twins. The structures, parameters, and modes of operation of the studied heat and cooling systems are substantiated, considering non-stationary processes.
The results obtained in the course of the work are used in the educational process in the training of specialists in the specialties 174 — Automation, computer-integrated technologies, and robotics, as well as 144 — Heat and power engineering. Six textbooks were published. These results were also used to prepare three dissertations for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Eight certificates of copyright registration were obtained, and a monograph was published. Additionally, 25 articles were published (8 in journals included in scientometrics databases), and 2 reports were published at 2 international conferences. Five master’s theses were defended.
The development corresponds to the world level. The results obtained in the framework of the research work can be used by organizations and companies in the housing and public sector, regardless of ownership, and by municipal enterprises. There has been interest in using the results of the research work from organizations such as The State Research Institute of Building Structures, the Association of Energy Auditors of Ukraine, Advanceis LLC, Ukrinterm JV, and others. Potential research users will receive information and analytical materials on the developed methods and criteria. Computer models and recommendations will be provided for substantiating technical solutions for heat and cooling supply of buildings based on heat pump units, considering the increase in their efficiency.
2. Development of an intelligent low-temperature building heating system based on a condensing modular boiler
The project is devoted to creating an intelligent low-temperature heat supply system for buildings. It is based on a condensing modular boiler, the development of its operating characteristics, and a software and hardware complex to improve energy, economic, and environmental efficiency. This is based on the control, monitoring, and diagnostics of such a system and the use of modern Internet technologies.
A comprehensive open solution for energy-efficient heat supply of buildings adapted to domestic realities has been developed. It will ensure an increase in the efficiency of the heat supply system based on a modular condensing boiler, continuous monitoring of the system, and forecasting of its condition. The result of the work is the following benefits for user companies: lower cost than existing foreign analogues; higher efficiency of the intelligent low-temperature heat supply system compared to existing heat supply systems based on condensing boilers without such control systems; continuous monitoring and predictive diagnostics of each operating facility; timely notifications of deviations from the normal state; ease of installation and operation, scalability. The expected benefits of the scientific and technical products obtained from the work will help solve the current problems of efficient use of primary energy (primarily fossil fuels). The implementation of this development makes it possible to increase the average seasonal efficiency of a condensing boiler by 8%. At the same time, seasonal natural gas consumption can be reduced by 69%. It has also been shown that the proposed solutions are economically viable and reduce the negative impact on the environment. Emissions from the combustion products will be no more than 50 mg/m3 of carbon oxides CO and no more than 20 mg/m3 of nitrogen oxides NOx, several times less than the standard maximum permissible emissions of gaseous inorganic compounds.